1. Abnormal behavior: behavior that causes people to experience distress and prevents them from functioning in their daily lives.
2. Medical perspective: the perspective that suggests that when an individual displays symptoms of abnormal behavior, the root cause will be found in a physical examination of the individual, which may reveal a hormonal imbalance, a chemical deficiency or a brain injury.
3. Psychoanalytic perspective: the perspective that suggests that abnormal behavior stems from childhood conflicts over opposing wishes regarding sex and aggression.
4. Behavioral perspective: the perspective that looks at the behavior itself as the problem.
5. Cognitive perspective: the perspective that suggests that people’s thoughts and beliefs are a central component of abnormal behavior.
6. Humanistic perspective: the perspective that emphasizes the responsibility people have for their own behavior, even when such behavior is abnormal.
7. Sociocultural perspective: the perspective that assumes that people’s behavior-both normal and abnormal-is shaped by the kind of family group, society and culture in which they live.
8. DSM-IV-TR: a system, devised by American Psychiatric Association, used by most professionals to diagnose and classify abnormal behavior.
9. Anxiety disorder: the occurrence of anxiety an obvious external cause, affecting daily functioning.
10. Phobias: intense, irrational fears of specific objects or situations.
11. Panic disorder: anxiety disorder that takes the form of panic attacks lasting from a few seconds to as long as several hours.
12. Generalized anxiety disorder: the experience of long-term, persistent anxiety and worry.
13. Obsessive-compulsive disorder: a disorder characterized by obsessions or compulsions.
14. Obsession: a persistent, unwanted thought or idea that keeps recurring.
15. Compulsion: an irresistible urge to repeatedly carry out some act that seems strange and unreasonable.
16. Somatoform disorders: psychological difficulties that take on a physical form, but for which there is no medical cause.
17. Hypochondriasis: a disorder in which people have a constant fear of illness and a preoccupation with their health.
18. Conversion disorder: a major somatoform disorder that involves an actual physical disturbance, such as the inability to use a sensory organ or the complete, or partial inability to move an arm or leg.
19. Dissociative disorders: psychological dysfunctions characterized by the separation of different facets of a person’s personality that are normally integrated.
20. DID: a disorder in which a person displays characteristics of two or more distinct personalities.
21. Dissociative amnesia: a disorder in which a significant, selective memory loss occurs.
22. Dissociative fugue: a form of amnesia in which the individual leaves home and sometimes assumes a new identity.
23. Mood disorder: a disturbance in emotional experience that is strong enough to intrude on everyday living.
24. Major depression: a severe form of depression that interferes with concentration, decision making and sociability.
25. Mania: an extended state of intense, wild elation.
26. Bipolar disorder: a disorder in which a person alternates between periods of euphoric feelings of mania and periods of depression.
27. Schizophrenia: a class of disorders in which severe distortion of reality occurs.
28. Personality disorder: a disorder characterized by a set of inflexible, maladaptive behavior patterns that keep a person from functioning appropriately in society.
29. Antisocial personality disorder: a disorder in which individuals show no regard for the moral and ethical rules of society or rights of others.
30. Borderline personality disorder: a disorder in which individuals have difficulty developing a secure sense of who they are.
31. Narcissistic personality disorder: a personality disturbance characterized by an exaggerated sense of self-importance.
32. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a disorder marked by inattention, impulsiveness, a low tolerance for frustration, and a great deal of inappropriate activity.
33. Autism: a severe developmental disability that impairs children’s ability to communicate and relate to others.
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