2011 m. gegužės 11 d., trečiadienis

Definitions of Psychological disorders

1.      Abnormal behavior: behavior that causes people to experience distress and prevents them from functioning in their daily lives.
2.      Medical perspective: the perspective that suggests that when an individual displays symptoms of abnormal behavior, the root cause will be found in a physical examination of the individual, which may reveal a hormonal imbalance, a chemical deficiency or a brain injury.
3.      Psychoanalytic perspective: the perspective that suggests that abnormal behavior stems from childhood conflicts over opposing wishes regarding sex and aggression.
4.      Behavioral perspective: the perspective that looks at the behavior itself as the problem.
5.      Cognitive perspective: the perspective that suggests that people’s thoughts and beliefs are a central component of abnormal behavior.
6.      Humanistic perspective: the perspective that emphasizes the responsibility people have for their own behavior, even when such behavior is abnormal.
7.      Sociocultural perspective: the perspective that assumes that people’s behavior-both normal and abnormal-is shaped by the kind of family group, society and culture in which they live.
8.      DSM-IV-TR: a system, devised by American Psychiatric Association, used by most professionals to diagnose and classify abnormal behavior.
9.      Anxiety disorder: the occurrence of anxiety an obvious external cause, affecting daily functioning.
10.  Phobias: intense, irrational fears of specific objects or situations.
11.  Panic disorder: anxiety disorder that takes the form of panic attacks lasting from a few seconds to as long as several hours.
12.  Generalized anxiety disorder: the experience of long-term, persistent anxiety and worry.
13.  Obsessive-compulsive disorder: a disorder characterized by obsessions or compulsions.
14.  Obsession: a persistent, unwanted thought or idea that keeps recurring.
15.  Compulsion: an irresistible urge to repeatedly carry out some act that seems strange and unreasonable.
16.  Somatoform disorders: psychological difficulties that take on a physical form, but for which there is no medical cause.
17.  Hypochondriasis: a disorder in which people have a constant fear of illness and a preoccupation with their health.
18.  Conversion disorder: a  major somatoform disorder that involves an actual physical disturbance, such as the inability to use a sensory organ or the complete, or partial inability to move an arm or leg.
19.  Dissociative disorders: psychological dysfunctions characterized by the separation of different facets of a person’s personality that are normally integrated.
20.  DID: a disorder in which a person displays characteristics of two or more distinct personalities.
21.  Dissociative amnesia: a disorder in which a significant, selective memory loss occurs.
22.  Dissociative fugue: a form of amnesia in which the individual leaves home and sometimes assumes a new identity.
23.  Mood disorder: a disturbance in emotional experience that is strong enough to intrude on everyday living.
24.  Major depression: a severe form of depression that interferes with concentration, decision making and sociability.
25.  Mania: an extended state of intense, wild elation.
26.  Bipolar disorder: a disorder in which a person alternates between periods of euphoric feelings of mania and periods of depression.
27.  Schizophrenia: a class of disorders in which severe distortion of reality occurs.
28.  Personality disorder: a disorder characterized by a set of inflexible, maladaptive behavior patterns that keep a person from functioning appropriately in society.
29.  Antisocial personality disorder: a disorder in which individuals show no regard for the moral and ethical rules of society or rights of others.
30.  Borderline personality disorder: a disorder in which individuals have difficulty developing a secure sense of who they are.
31.  Narcissistic personality disorder: a personality disturbance characterized by an exaggerated sense of self-importance.
32.  Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a disorder marked by inattention, impulsiveness, a low tolerance for frustration, and a great deal of inappropriate activity.
33.  Autism: a severe developmental disability that impairs children’s ability to communicate and relate to others.

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